Health and water
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Baseline low-grade dehydration – signs & signals
Dehydration
In medicine, ‘clinical’ dehydration is studied in critical contexts at various degrees:
-in the care of critically ill and terminal patients
-in iatrogenic conditions due to attempts at correcting the ‘water balance’ (some can have dire long term consequences on the brain), or to the use of analogs of the oxytocin hormone in birth delivery (overdose)
-in patients who have been taking medical drugs for many years and are developing kidney damage and diseases (many common preventive and palliative drugs affect kidneys, liver, and heart, first as side-effects, later in functional and structural damage)
–in the elderly (an old body is notoriously subject to chronic dehydration: it is dry, and desiccated tissues do not function properly; for example, water helps maintain body temperature)
-in the young, who suffer dehydration more easily than adults
-in hospital emergency departments (e.g. heat stroke, or after exposure to the elements)
-in feverish states and sports extremes
-in starvation.
(p.120) Anderson, Harvey C, Kenedy, Sidney H (ed.), 1992, The biology of feast and famine: Relevance to eating disorders, Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Sports medicine also is very aware of the problem of dehydration in physical effort and exertion: the loss of water through breathing and sweat can strain the kidneys, resulting in dark urine (there are pictorial scales of the colour, which ideally would be transparent, in which darkness indicates a degree of dehydration, not necessarily of ‘clinical’ grade). The degree of dehydration is evaluated on sclaes of urine colour. But because of our mental representations of us as ‘humans’ (‘and not animals’), what is known of physiological strain in effort and exertion for the physical body of athletes or animals, is not translated into family medicine, which assumes that daily life does mot involve exertion (not the case for everyone!), into an understanding of the physiological strain imposed just as much by stress (socio-psycho-emotional distress, but also from overwork, and from over-stimulation, sensory and otherwise), as well as by our civilised diets, salt and sugars, and our sedentary indoor lifestyles with little sun, oxygenation or movement.
Body drought: Problems related to dehydration have major implications for the low-grade chronic syndromes that are spreading in the population. The water ‘stress system’ driven by oxytocin (rather a ‘strain system’) is the first to be entrained, and initiates higher states of stress, but can also stop their deployment. it offers a way of linking the two, through phenomena of ‘alert’ in the brain. The medical case reportlinked to this site provides some clues, particularly about one sort of ‘unexplained’ burning pain in fibromyalgia. Other pains are listed below (in feet and face bones in particular).
Baseline Hydration
Medicine does not study the effects of the ‘normal’ level of hydration in ‘health’. It is only considered when it is becomes clinically critical, and otherwise it has to be managed to avoid the above dangerous situations. How is it controlled? We are told we loose water every day, and must drink everyday 2-3 litres a day. Why? This is a large amount, compared to what other mammals drink. Why are humans different? Most Western people drink little actual water (although this is on the increase thanks to bottled water). Instead, most people drink spiked water: with juices, teas or herbs, caffeine-bearing substances, sugar, alcohol or worse. Why? There is also a statistically known peak use of toilets in the morning, which represents a ‘normal’ urge for morning urination, and it affects people whether they have drunk or eaten watery foods or not the night before. Why? We also have, after puberty, oily, normal, or dry skin types. This is considered normal variation. How normal is it? (just statistically widespread and average, or ‘healthy’?) We loose our water content from childhood to ageing, from about 80% (figures vary with sources, from 75% to 85%), down to about 45% after age 60 and later, and this, again, is ‘normal ageing’, just as muscle wasting, spinal mishaping, or loss of eyesight are ‘normal’. None of the above questioned observations have clear explanations and their origin is unknown.
This is what I call the ‘baseline’ dehydration level of normal ‘health’, which drifts ‘with age’ (as many other things do in the degenerating body and brain), and I could find no formal attempt at explaining its drawbacks. It simply is assumed as a given of the civilised human body, and not studied.
There are many cultural ideas about the ‘water of life’ (most only metaphorical) and many perspectives on the roles that water plays in the anatomy or physiology, particularly involving breathing and energy, as well as in spirituality. Water is crucial to physical life, but the knowledge about its role in lower animals (e.g. the jelly fish) or in plants (their ‘hydraulic frame’, which allows them to stand, as the gardener watering them knows, and we could be using this too), is not transferred to humans. The recognition of small signs in farm animals, for example (e.g. shiny hair or scruffy appearance) is also not correlated to phenomena in humans. Nexial-topology offers a useful modelling of this ‘baseline hydration’ (see below), its consequences, and its origin.
But first, let us list the many small signs and signals that relate to a small degree of chronic dehydration, many of which relate to ‘insensible’ fluid losses (not measurable or visible), and which sometimes cause flare ups. These signs and signals are so common, particularly in children, that they are considered normal or just a ‘personality/body type’ (a tendency), and nothing is done until damage spreads to a visible degree and illness or disease strike. Visible signs – i.e. ‘symptoms’ – lead medicine to correcting the water balance, electrolytes, and other things, to avoid emergency: the consequences are not always benign; a catastrophic degree of dehydration (‘clinically’ critical) can be life-threatening. Heeding the call that low-grade manifestations give, can allow to prevent worse effects, and would be a means to heed the medical call to not ignore ‘early signs’. Noticing the small signs and signals before they increase enough to bring symptoms of fatigue, pain, or damage, can help improve the baseline hydration and basic soundness of health, and maintain its integrity with less recourse to medicine.
Movements of water in the body: distribution, and transports, communications, distribution, or other interactions
This is of some importance for children and pregnant women (growing sound bodies). These signs and signals are indications of passive movements in the body, which occur with directional pressure (pressure gradients of osmosis and solutes diffusion), or of active redistribution of water and modulation activity by other substances (electrolytes, organic osmolytes such as sugar) across membranes. They indicate a compensation under some strain or in effort (e.g. fast compensation by breathing, or slow compensation by kidneys, temperature modulation by sweat, etc.). If these become chronic adaptations (usually under human pressure and man-made stress), the body’s health drifts into damage, and the damage control mode we experience as ‘having to survive’ and which activates healing/repair mechanisms, sometimes too far as in fibrosis or cancer). These do not work in isolation: they also affects behaviour and health/sanity. For example, stagnation of blood or other fluids, low blood volume, swelling, movements between inside and outside the cells (intracellular and extracellular fluids) or compartments (e.g. intravascular), can have problematic consequences, or just bothersome, at different degrees. But even at the lowest degree, they mean something, they signal need: if understood and heeded, even if ‘it is not going to kill you’, as many doctors say to patients’ small complaints, they could help maintain the integrity of the body. They represent some kind of pressure that must taken care of, if soundness is to not be lost.
Movements and distributions between tissue compartments and inside/outside cells are ruled by
· circulation (blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid)
· molecular ‘pumps’ or ‘active transport‘ that use sodium (salt is NaCl, sodium chloride), calcium (a problem in many chronic conditions), and other chemicals such as potassium, hydrogen ions (involved in acid-base balance), amino-acids (the basis of protein and bodily substance, also involved in induced lean weight loss), and sugar; this requires energy
· diffusion of solutes (substances dissolved in water, making up fluids), along pressure gradients (like an arrow pushing or pulling in one direction), from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area, to equalise the distribution of water; this requires no energy, but the substances are necessary, and are often used up in many ways in operating the body.
· and by osmosis; far more basically, it by osmosis, which moves water passively from a lower solute concentration area to a higher solute concentration area (notice the inversion in the pressure gradient: it compensates for solute concentration changes); this requires no energy, and stops when the pressure gradient disappears. It is an auto-limiting kind of correction.
Major changes in the solute concentrations (osmolality) that are not compensated enough locally in the tissues by osmosis or diffusion, entrain reactions of the ‘osmostat’ in the hypothalamus (see medical case report), which produces the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH also called AVP for arginine vasopressin), affecting the kidneys and the overall level of hydration (kidneys excrete or retain water) and electrolytes (e.g. salt retention or loss). Consequently, this influences water balance, electrolyte balance, and water metabolism (water is used also as a resource in the cellular cycle of energy production in the cells mitochondria). The activated hypothalamus also influences the brain in many ways, including emotions and mind, and can be influenced by them.
Electrolytes are a particularly important kind of solutes, moved between inside and outside of cells (ICF – intracellular fluid, and ECF – extracellular fluid). Electrolyte imbalances are common in effort (whether physical in sports, or in stress, or the basic muscular tension of ‘readiness’ or ‘alert’). Under duress, there can be an increase of other electrolytes in tissues and blood when they leach out of dead cells (e.g. shrunk by dehydration, or killed in other ways); solute and water motions across cell membranes can cause such cellular stress as to kill cells. This is related to the dehydration of cells that is called ‘Water Stress’ in plants [actually a ‘drought stress’ that shrinks and kills cells; someone called it ‘body drought’ for humans]. Another example is the storing of water in cellulite : Cellulitis implicates the water ‘metabolism’ (how water is processed, moved, and distributed), as well as fat storage, and fibrous concretions into cysts. Stiffness also involves these sorts of processes, as muscle wasting too. So the workings of the water metabolim at low grade may produce less ‘exciting lab results’ as one surgeon put it, but their consequences body-wide concern a greater number of people, in daily life, and especially children.
Low-grade hidden dehydration and swelling: a ‘normal’ baseline
When we become aware of thirst, we are already in a degree of dehydration. The elements in the list below are drawn from direct observations of people’s bodies and my own over many years. Some of them are considered clinical signs of diseases (e.g. dry mouth, blurry vision); others are not mentioned in the medical literature. These signs include various forms of itch or tingling which, at low grade, appear to be reactions to low-grade dehydration. Many of these signs can be of a higher degree and require medical assessment and care, or of a lesser degree. The difference must be recognised. However, of the very small changes, which most people do notice although without knowing what to do about it, we are told that they ‘do not require treatment’. But we ‘treat’ them instinctively, unconsciously, through feeding and other behaviours to ‘feel better’. If they are taken as signals and signs, they can be assessed as a whole and ‘managed’ voluntarily, rather than allowing specific behaviours to deal with each individually, sometimes with opposite consequences. A variety of these signs appear in descriptions of symptoms that define the onset of diseases (early signs), or their effects or developments (including for diabetes insipidus, or diabetes mellitus – the ‘sugar’ diabetes), which can affect kidneys or other aspects of the water metabolism. They can also be signs of emergency, and in terminal conditions. In those cases, they are high-grade indicators.
This list aims to help understand the difference, how one’s body works, not to represent any medical explanation or suggest any diagnosis, but simply learn to observe, recognise what relates to physiologic water. It aims to show that many of these signs, in a mild form, are considered normal variation, and yet denote a low-grade baseline dehydration that could be corrected if they were noticed, thus improving health and particularly vegetative functions such as breathing and digestion.
The Tentative List
Small signs of low baseline hydration or of water redistribution
Swelling, feeling dry, sweating
The signs and signals listed here are low-grade or early indicators, indicators of small changes: they are either neutral observations (not sensed as either good nor bad) or sensations that may be uncomfortable, but are quite bearable and would not, for example,lead a person to take pain killers or consult a doctor.If noticed however, they might be apprehended as improvable, and lead to apply one’s own ideas about how to improve one’s general condition or overall mood, and recognise the tricks, often unconscious, that we use to do this (especially using foods and drinks).
In childhood
Stinging eyes when sleepy (rubbing fingers on closed eyes)
Eye sand: small grit at the corner of the eyes in the morning (is there a relation to the ‘sand man’ of the stories?)
Dry nose, caked nostrils (especially ‘picking nose’: dry mucous)
reaction as a ‘runny nose’, especially if it is when getting up
Swollen nostrils without other symptoms of ‘a cold’, making it difficult to breathe
Swollen back of nose and/or sinuses (close to nostrils, or further inside the head) but not inflamed (not sinusitis)
Hiccups when eating dry foods (e.g. bread without butter, or cakes), and avoiding them habitually
Dark circles under the eyes (usually linked to being tired or exhausted, or stressed)
Headaches
High thirst that drives to eating ice cubes
Hot feet, or hot ears (sometimes too uncomfortable to sleep)
Tingling itch at the bottom of the spine (coccyx) and other itches
Slouching posture
Chronic loss of overall body tone about age 5-6, with straight sitting posture progressively slouching
Walking barefoot on a pebbled path becomes painful, by about age 8-10
Upper respiratory tract infections (cough and ‘cold’), which start with a dry throat
Sweating
in menopause, in the diabetic’s effort, and in stress… sweaty palms and feet, pungent odors…: loosing water but also electrolytes
In adults: additional signs and signals
Many of these signs are very common, so common they are ‘normal’, yet their significance is totally ignored, at low-grade, or are associated with stress, menopause, and ageing, and then only palliative treatments are offered (or even just cosmetics).
Dry, stinging, burning or itchy eyes
Dry or oily skin (this involves problems of uneven distribution)
Dry hands, dry feet (especially heels), dry skin behind ears
Calluses (dry and hard lumps on skin) on feet, hands, or even thickened skin (on the nose for example)
Sweaty hands or feet
Swollen under the eyes, dark circles under the eyes (which we often associate with being tired, stress)
Split ends of hair or dandruff
Loosing a lot of dead skin cells (eg a dry white cloud rubbing off, or dark agglutinations after a shower or bath)
Breaking hair, losing hair
Chipping and breaking nails
Electric hair (occurs in dry hair)
Cellulite and ‘bad circulation’ in women
Chipped or small crack in lips (requiring lip balm)
Mineralised dental plaque (calcium and other electrolyes involved) – This is related to demineralised teeth that have cavities or rot, and to demineralised bones that can feel soft, subject to gravity/weight
Difficulty manipulating very small objects (a typically male problem)
Licking fingers to turn the pages of a book (to solve the problem, 19th century clerks had devised a rubber implement to put on the finger) or to open a new supermarket shopping bag
Teeth so dry that they crack easily and pieces break off
Blurry sight (usually taken as ‘symptom’ only when there are also other ‘medical’ symptoms)
Heel pain or pain in the balls of the feet at the end of the day , or in exertion – the commonly related pain in hikers, or inside the toe joints (bursae in joints)
Face bones pain
Pasty tongue
Dry mouth (it is also a symptom in cancer), or the opposite, too much saliva (almost drooling)
1 or 2 dry coughs, without other signs suggesting respiratory infection
Losing many skin cells, on dry skin, or after a shower/bath
Dark circles under the eyes (this is so common that women have cosmetics to hide them; these circles are also commonly attributed to ‘being tired’ as well as to high stress)
Swelling of face (especially around eyes, doctors name this “puffy” rather than swollen), hands or fingers, feet, and belly: low-grade swelling, uncomfortable, but hardly noticeable to others, [can be after a meal, after eating something containing sugar, or salt, or in other circumstances]
Swollen nostrils (without symptoms of ‘a cold’) partially or fully blocked breathing, especially when lying down, and blocking limited to one nostril, right or left
Swollen lungs that make it difficult to breathe, without formal diagnosis of asthma
Tinnitus-like ear sounds (whistle or buzzing, not strong enough to impair hearing, sometimes connected to diet or breathing level) not bad enough to be diagnosed, and not affecting the auditory nerves
Bitter taste in the mouth (literally)
Sticky sound at the top of the spine when turning the head right and left, or worse:
Spine grit: gritty sounds from calcified concretions at the top of the spine
Eyes grit (‘eye sand’) ‘Sand’: this is part of common family culture (eg eye sand in the morning, that became the story of the sand man who helps sleep at night); sand is also a medical condition (eg in kidneys or gallbladder that can go up to kidney stones); it is also considered a normal state that comes ‘with ageing’ (eg in the pineal gland)
Cracking sounds in joints (bursae in joints), often attributed to ‘coming with ageing”
Slouching posture, or shoulders that are not horizontal by slanting (usually considered a body type, but this impairs breathing)
Cracking of vertebrae that puts discs ‘back into place’ (unstable spine) [I suspect this is the source of the controversy about and difference between chiropractics, which deals with lower order problems, and medical osteopathics, which deals with ‘proper’ vertebral dislocation]
Losing a large amount of hair (on the head and elsewhere) without diagnosed cause, or connected to cortisol highs and lows
Swollen throat that makes it difficult to swallow large pills or certain foods (occurs in low-grade chronic syndromes; it is also a sign announcing death – this is an expression of the uncanny similarity between survival emergency or ‘life and death’ emergencies, and the sense of urgency and ‘in-dying’ in low-grade conditions: symptoms are similar, but some properties differ with the order of criticality)
Swollen belly (occurs in older people, but also in malnourished children, and in ‘advanced’ spiritual masters… “Swelling” is a topologic property of a mass; its physical, mental, and behavioural manifestations make more sense if viewed through topology
Burning pain not attributed to clear causes [see medical case report on this website]
‘Brain storm’ (felt as headache) and mind storm (felt as agitated ideas or high emotions) that seem correlated to feeling dry (can feel like it is triggered by a dry brain)
Brain shrinking on x-rays (small, slowly progressing over many years), or reduced size of spinal fluid tube on x-rays
Needing salt (Na sodium is the most fundamental, most well-known electrolyte)
Needing sugar [sugar is an ‘osmolyte’] or experiencing from it consequences of craving, addiction or hyperactive basic immune defence reactions (… some boils can fit in this category, as can acne: 40 years ago a small percentage of teenagers fell victim to it and were ostracised; now it is so statistically normal and so psycho-socially impairing that the cosmetics industry has taken over from internal medicine to create effective external cream treatments). Sugar is now mixed in all our foods, even meats. *
Modeling water in health with topology (the Rubber Sheet Geometry of small distorsion)
A quick look at charts, publicly displayed, of x-ray pictures for various neurological diseases shows instantly that disease gravity seems to be correlated with shrinking of the spinal fluid column, and yet the role of water in the brain and the spinal fluid, and of cerebrospinal fluid volume, are only beginning to be studied. [see ‘relevant reference’ in the medical case report on Oxytocin, on the page Topologic Ecology]. The role of water in ‘ground substance’ (the jelly-like connective tissue at the basis of all other tissues) is ignored because our theoretical perspectives see it as ‘amorphous’ (no form, no dualist pattern, no visible ‘structure’). It is different from the other connective tissues that weave together and bind into tissues; it holds water, but is not a structure as such according to our conventionalised definitions;. Its involvement in the body’s operations is not a ‘function’ of the tissues. Our theories do not give a role to the ground substance: in an entire text book of anatomy, it is described with a single short paragraph, with no further reference to it. elsewhere in the descriptions of the body. Our perspectives are interested in quantities of water, quality of fluids (their solute contents), circulations, passive and active transports, etc. Nexial topology models these types of representations as deployments of two fundamental parameters (direction and movement), separated, or in various combinations. These result in notions of directional movements under pressure gradients, which are viewed as the source of every other process and connection related to water in the body – or as its results. The parameters also deploy into notions of critical and boundary phenomena, which are both the ultimate end (e.g. in critical and terminal conditions) and the source (the survival mode that is compensatory and adaptive).
Conventionalied representations are ‘nexial’, involve ‘systems’ in space operating in time, with things occurring or appearing inside or outside or at the edges or at surfaces (the simple notion of interval models this) of extended objects, bodies, cells, organs, subjects… (bubbles), which require binding inside to outside, or bonding what appears incapable of staying sound without constant, periodic, or sudden intervention. Bubbles, surfaces, swelling… are topologic properties, with a geometry in movement, a geometry of distorsion. Using topology allows to simplify all the specific representations and labelling of medicine, and to see whence and where-to the changes go, more globally. (Inverting the saying that ‘the tree hides the forest’.)
Our representations are based on (and end up) expressing topologies that involve changes in pattern, or distribution, that is, in configuration or topography (e.g. concretions in calcifications, fibres in the Alzheimer’s diseased brain, cancerous growths, enzymatic tissue destruction, loss of structure and substance in lean weight loss, etc.), and changes of activity in stages. They involve ‘knots’ that bind, weave, or trigger scattering (e.g. in forced physical movement, a blocked joint can lead to a broken bone). They involve motions and critical beginnings and ends, as well as directional movements (pressure) and ongoing boundary phenomena (for example across membranes, of cells, of compartments, mucosal as in the lungs and nose, or around the body: skin). The signs and signals in the list above indicate that these representations are in action: at the lower grade, respectively redistributions (diffusion) and movements of water (osmosis).
The representations can model all these kinds of gradients and split or combined expressions, and the signs, signals, and symptoms, but not stopping them without involving more of them to ‘balance’ or ‘equalise’. They cannot model a baseline hydration effective enough to make unnecessary all the compensations, fast or slow, local or brain-driven adaptations, in which the ground substance ensures a physical state without stress, strain or directional pressure, in which the body simply works well on its own. All our representations of ‘the body’ in movement ‘in a world’, and models of directed or directive patterns of activity, and our perspectives on the human body interacting with an environment, cannot represent and do not fit the existence of the state of ‘proto-health‘.
A basic form of topology that is not ‘nexial’ (without boundaries or critical states, without ‘passing’ them) and does not involve these perspectives and representations, is apt to modelling without much complication how adaptive redistributions and compensations of many kinds force movements of water and pressure gradients, and can be reduced by reducing osmotic flows of water, and then signs and signals of ‘pressure’ in general simply stop.
* Notes on Salt & Sugar
The need for salt became so widespread, during history, that salt was used as a currency… on captive markets. It has now become part of the normal daily diet, of the normal recipe, even though medicine keeps emitting the injunction that the ageing population needs to reduce salt consumption. Salt is directly involved in maintaining the low-grade state of dehydration in the population, and sustaining the other needs that come with it, such as the need for sugar and brain stimulation.
A Salt-&-Sugar formula that was devised half a century ago by the United Nation for emergency rehydration (eg against effects of disease-triggered diarrhea) is still the basis for most rehydration formulas sold in our pharmacies. It is so difficult to find one that is not salt-sugar based (with deleterious effects on the non-diseased system and its performance) that sports people have come to devising their own, selling then on internet.
Sugar is also used to stimulate the brain into the normal discursive mind of detail and constant ‘stream of consciousness’ that we call ‘intelligence’ (that of the IQ tests, of problem solving)… or ‘monkey mind’. So much so that sugar in combination with chocolate is used to stimulate ‘intelligence’ and ‘concentration’ in school children, and this is widespread enough a tactic to be expressed in food advertising.
Sugar is a survival food, as are the dry grains and other carbohydrates. Sugar is used for this purpose of bush survival by hikers, and in the United Nations salt-sugar formula for emergency rehydration. Carbohydrates such as beans are known to be convenient soldier food. Sweet foods are baseline food in many cultures with ‘hyper’ tendencies. The effects of sugar on behaviour and cognition was an archaic discovery, now forgotten, except for one of its extreme: child hyperactivity syndromes.
Yet this need for sugar is still justified by the medical notion that ‘sugar is the brain’s food’, even though it is known that it can also function on lipids, with an actually much better energetic yield (double!). Cognitive effects of foods such as sugar are little studied, because only the conventionalised ‘detail intelligence’ is valued, because researchers know no other way of intelligence. Yet, several marginal domains of science study other ‘ways of knowing’ than detail intelligence. My experiments and literature reviews show that foods influence our ‘ways of knowing’ – our cognitive modes (directly correlated to brain functional states). The normal intelligence is an understanding conventionalised as patterns of activity [see the dual-polar fundamental parameters of representations in the page on the problem of knowledge transfer and representation], which can be pushed to ‘genius’ level of intellect, creativity, and performance (and this is increasingly the case in Australian children, now that we follow closer the American ways and values), and to the hyperbolic forms of topology that give us the ‘advanced’ knowledge in highly specific fields [These forms are what I call ‘nexial’ topology because they involve the appearance of the properties of nexus (knots and binding interactions) and singularities (sudden shifts. emergence, ‘tearing of the fabric’ of reality), linked to that of Boundary. But the understanding based on the basic form of topologic animated geometry (no-boundary) is excluded in brain states ruled by sugar.It only takes simple experiments with diet and stress to demonstrate that.
[online 2010]
In 2022, an increasing volume of medical literature connects the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) to the flaring syndromes ‘that affect more women than men’ and are ‘not well understood’, but also rising numbers of men. The ANS is now considered in psycho-neuroscience to be ‘the mind-body connection’, thus explaining the cognitive function , behavioural and emotional implications of these syndromes. A large set of their sub-clinical signals and signs (less advanced than ‘early signs of disease’) are those of autonomic de-regulation. Dehydration is characteristic of sympathetic activation (e.g. dry mouth) and the ANS triggers reactions such as strain-related ‘cold or flu’ style fever (“feeling ill from stress”), inflammation (especially mast cells release of Histamine) and reactions to things normally not reacted to, such as food intolerances or hay fever that were not there before.
The topologic ‘Vertical Axis’ of deployment of survival mechanisms is therefore primarily correlated with autonomic activation, of the sympathetic n.s. under challenge, but also of the parasympathetic n.s., in people whose physiology is not normalised and patterned – mostly the ‘adult’ stage that appears stable (but only for a time), which does not include ageing, childhood, or pregnancy. See page Obstacles to understand the implications of the ‘white young healthy male’ dominant approach of medical research until a couple of decades ago, on many aspects of built-in societal obstacles placed in the way of an actually rather large portion of population, both female and male.
Kindly support this research and the Foraging Station Experiment
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